Domestic Abuse and the Foreclosure Process

When there are other legal issues in addition to adanger that the party listed on the note to begin
foreclosure, the housing situation becomes evenwith may agree to a loan modification or other
more complicated. Especially in situations of divorce,agreement that makes the loan unaffordable for the
separation, or even domestic abuse, there is aother party. Owners who are on the mortgage but
greater tendency for families to be broken apart andnot the note, however, may be able to file a Chapter
the basic issue of survival of either party to be13 bankruptcy and cure the default, if the situation is
questioned. And even worse, cases of divorce andappropriate.
domestic violence have been found to increase duringThankfully, the issue of mortgage acceleration just
times of high foreclosure rates and economicdue to the transfer of the ownership rights in a
recession.domestic relations case is not something to worry
In these cases, there may be both a foreclosureabout. Contract law and federal law usually prohibit
lawsuit and a domestic relations lawsuit going on atthe lender from accelerating a loan when there is a
the same time. The domestic relations case involvestransfer of interest from an abuser to a survivor.
an abuser and a survivor, while the home defenseThe Garn-St. Germain Depository Act of 1982
case involves both of the former parties against theprohibits acceleration when ownership is transferred
mortgage company. And neither case may helpbetween spouses, and the Equal Credit Opportunity
resolve the other, unless there is a more united frontAct prohibits discrimination on the basis of marital
in the home defense case. In fact, a domesticstatus.
relations case may limit the options the homeownersSelling a property that is involved in a domestic
have for saving the property.relations case may be an option, but it generally
Especially if the abuser has stopped paying therequires court approval to get the legal authority to
mortgage, the legal counsel for the survivor maymove ahead with this option. All ownership rights
have to go to court to obtain an order thatmight need to be transferred to the seller, or a
continuing payments are made. However, if a periodpower of attorney granting rights to negotiate a sale
of time has passed between the last payment andmay be necessary. Any remaining equity or debt, if
the court order, the servicing company may requirethere is a short sale, will need to be apportioned
far greater than just the regular monthly payment tobetween the parties.
be sent in. And lenders and servicing companies areIn all cases where the ownership of a home may be
not bound by the terms of a domestic relationstransferred or is in dispute due to a domestic
order.relations lawsuit, it may be best to file a lis pendens
Some attorneys will attempt to bring the mortgageon the property. This can prevent against equity
company into the domestic relations case, but this isstripping, further encumbering of the property, or
not always successful. The times where it can betransfer of the property. There may also be a court
worth trying is if a stay of foreclosure or accelerationorder which forbids withdrawing any additional funds
of the mortgage is needed for only a short period offrom a home equity line of credit (HELOC) or
time. In these instances, the domestic relations courtobtaining any additional mortgages on the home.
may grant an injunction against the mortgageFinally, if there are few other options than letting the
company based on the terms of the order. But ithouse go into foreclosure, survivors of domestic
may be important to prove that payments will berelations disputes may be able to obtain a cash for
made on time soon (within a period of a fewkeys offer from the lender. Tenants or former
months, at most).owners are offered these deals as a way for the
Injunctive relief against a mortgage company maylender to entice people remaining in the property not
also be sought if the servicer refuses to acceptto cause any damage and to move out amicably.
payments from a survivor whose name is on theThey often offer several thousand dollars in
mortgage and the note. If a party's name is on theexchange for a clean house and the keys. Servicing
note, the lender is unable to refuse payment, despitecompanies should have few objections to paying a
a domestic relations court proceeding. In fact, thedomestic violence survivor to move out of a
refusal to accept payments from a party listed onproperty to avoid eviction after foreclosure.
the note may bar future foreclosure proceedings orThere are a whole range of issues affecting a
extend a redemption period guaranteed by law, asproperty in foreclosure, and many of these issues
well as being a breach of certain duties lenders havecan be exacerbated or added onto if there is also a
towards homeowners.domestic relations dispute. Homeowners should have
In cases where a survivor's name is on theadequate legal counsel for both the foreclosure help
mortgage, but not on the note, the situation isand the domestic relations case in order to sort out
slightly more complicated. In these cases, it may beas many of the details as possible. Foreclosure is
best to have ownership rights and obligations of thecomplicated and stressful enough without piling on
note transferred to the survivor through an order inadditional messy disputes and lawsuits.
the domestic relations court. However, there is a