| Domestic violence (sometimes referred to | | | | economic, or psychological abuse |
| as domestic abuse) occurs when a family | | | | directed towards one’s spouse, |
| member, partner or ex-partner attempts | | | | partner, or other family member within |
| to physically or psychologically | | | | the household. |
| dominate or harm the other. The term | | | | CAFCASS in the United Kingdom in its |
| "intimate partner violence" (IPV) is | | | | "Domestic Violence Policy" uses domestic |
| often used synonymously, other terms | | | | violence to refer to a range of violent |
| have included "wife beating", "wife | | | | and abusive behaviours, defining it as: |
| battering", "man beating", "husband | | | | Patterns of behaviour characterised by |
| battering", "relationship violence", | | | | the misuse of power and control by one |
| "domestic abuse", "spousal abuse", and | | | | person over another who are or have been |
| "family violence" with some legal | | | | in an intimate relationship. It can |
| jurisdictions having specific | | | | occur in mixed gender relationships and |
| definitions. | | | | same gender relationships and has |
| Recent attention to domestic violence | | | | profound consequences for the lives of |
| began in the women's movement as concern | | | | children, individuals, families and |
| about wives being beaten by their | | | | communities. It may be physical, sexual, |
| husbands, and has remained a major focus | | | | emotional and/or psychological. The |
| of modern feminism, particularly in | | | | latter may include intimidation, |
| terms of "violence against women". [1] | | | | harassment, damage to property, threats |
| Popular emphasis has tended to be on | | | | and financial abuse. |
| women as the victims of domestic | | | | The New York State Coalition.[citation |
| violence although with the rise of the | | | | needed] defines domestic violence as |
| men's movement, and particularly men's | | | | "abusive behavior - emotional, |
| rights, there is now some advocacy for | | | | psychological, physical, or sexual - |
| men as victims, although the statistics | | | | that one person in an intimate |
| concerning the number of male victims | | | | relationship uses in order to control |
| given by them are strongly contested by | | | | the other. It takes many different forms |
| many groups active in research on or | | | | and includes behaviors such as threats, |
| working in the field of domestic | | | | name-calling, preventing contact with |
| violence and "violence against | | | | family or friends, withholding money, |
| men".[citation needed] | | | | actual or threatened physical harm and |
| Estimates are that only about a third of | | | | sexual assault. Stalking can also be a |
| cases of domestic violence are actually | | | | form of domestic violence." |
| reported in the US and UK. In other | | | | A survey. in July and August 2006 of |
| places where there has been less | | | | 2500 adults, males and females, 18 years |
| attention and less support, reported | | | | of age or older, in the continental |
| cases would be still lower. | | | | United States produced finding as per |
| Domestic violence occurs in all | | | | below. This survey was conducted by |
| cultures; people of all races, | | | | Opinion Research Corporation and Ruder |
| ethnicities, religions, and classes can | | | | Finn and funded by Redbook Magazine and |
| be perpetrators of domestic violence. | | | | Liz Claiborne |
| Domestic violence is perpetrated by, and | | | | "When asked to define what actions |
| on, both men and women, and occurs in | | | | comprise domestic violence and abuse, 2 |
| same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. | | | | in 5 Americans (40%) did not even |
| Awareness and documentation of domestic | | | | mention hitting, slapping and punching. |
| violence differs from country to | | | | Over 90% of Americans failed to define |
| country. According to the Centers for | | | | repeated emotional, verbal, sexual abuse |
| Disease Control domestic violence is a | | | | and controlling behaviors as patterns of |
| serious, preventable public health | | | | domestic violence and abuse."[citation |
| problem affecting more than 32 million | | | | needed] |
| Americans, that is more than 10% of the | | | | The survey concluded: "When they can |
| U.S. population (Tjaden and Thoennes | | | | identify domestic abuse, Americans will |
| 2000). | | | | act" Love is Not Abuse |
| Domestic violence has many forms, | | | | Domestic violence can be: |
| including physical violence, sexual | | | | Physical violence |
| abuse, emotional abuse, intimidation, | | | | Direct physical violence, ranging from |
| economic deprivation or threats of | | | | unwanted physical contact to rape and |
| violence. There are a number of | | | | murder. |
| dimensions: | | | | Indirect physical violence, including |
| mode - physical, psychological, sexual | | | | destruction of objects, striking or |
| and/or social | | | | throwing objects near the victim, harm |
| frequency - on/off, occasional, chronic | | | | to animals |
| severity – in terms of both | | | | Mental/emotional violence |
| psychological or physical harm and the | | | | Verbal threats of physical violence to |
| need for treatment – transitory or | | | | the victim, the self, or others |
| permanent injury – mild, moderate, | | | | including children, ranging from |
| severe up to homicide | | | | explicit, detailed and impending to |
| The means used to measure domestic | | | | implicit and vague as to both content |
| violence strongly influence the results | | | | and time frame |
| found. For example, studies of reported | | | | Verbal violence, including threats, |
| domestic violence and extrapolations of | | | | insults, put-downs, attacks |
| those studies show women preponderantly | | | | Nonverbal threats, including gestures, |
| as victims and men to be more violent, | | | | facial expressions, body postures |
| whereas the survey based Conflict | | | | Economic/social abuse |
| Tactics Scale, tends to show men and | | | | Controlling victim's money and other |
| women equally violent.[2] | | | | economic resources, preventing victim |
| The majority of studies investigate male | | | | from seeing friends and relatives, |
| on female domestic violence. Thus, | | | | actively sabotaging victim's social |
| information on female-on-male (or | | | | relationships and isolating victim from |
| same-sex) violence tends to be less | | | | social contacts. |
| available. | | | | Spiritual abuse |
| Domestic violence is physical, sexual, | | | | |