| Who Was Jean Piaget?Jean Piaget was to
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| | 1990). There remains a strong
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| cognitive development as Albert Einstein
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| | misconception that mentally ill parents
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| was to physics. In fact Einstein was afan
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| | are violent and are therefore at an
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| of Piaget's work. Jean Piaget was born in
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| | increased risk for abusing their
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| Switzerland on Aug. 9, 1896. He published
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| | children. While this may be true for
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| his first scientific paper at the age of
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| | alcohol and drug abusers, it is not true
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| 10. By the age of 22 he already had a
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| | for parents with psychiatric disorders
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| doctorate in zoology. He became
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| | getting treatment.Still, for these
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| interested in psychoanalysis after WWII
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| | reasons many people are afraid of getting
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| and attended lectures given by Carl Jung.
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| | the help that they need. They are afraid
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| He then studied in Paris working in
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| | their symptoms may give the impression
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| Alfred Binet's child psychology lab. It
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| | that they would be an unfit parent. If
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| was there that he first began to notice
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| | they are seen as unfit they could lose
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| that children of the same ages answered
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| | their children. Therefore families may
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| true/false questions similarly.He
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| | not receive the services they need to
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| returned to Switzerland and spent many
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| | raise healthy children. Thus a vicious
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| years studying and conversing with
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| | cycle begins.Warning SignsThe following
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| children. He realized through his
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| | is a list of symptoms that could indicate
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| conversations that when asked a question
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| | that children are not dealing well with a
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| a child did not necessarily give an
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| | parent's mental illness. Mind you, these
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| incorrect answer just because the answer
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| | are also signs for other causes such as
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| wasn't an adult response. They instead
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| | trouble in school, peer pressure, sexual
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| gave logical answers based on the
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| | problems, abuse, relationship problems,
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| knowledge that they had within them. He
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| | substance abuse, a change in
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| concluded that if adults try to teach
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| | circumstances at home and a host of other
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| children to quickly that it prevents them
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| | issues. Still, I felt they were worth
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| from reinventing it themselves, thus
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| | mentioning. If you notice any of these
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| making it their own.His career spanned
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| | things in your children over a continual
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| nearly 75 years and he is credited with
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| | period for 3-4 weeks, please seek help
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| developing several new fields of science
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| | for them. Never turn a blind eye and
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| including developmental psychology,
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| | think that the problem will solve
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| cognitive theory and what later became
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| | itself.*moodiness
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| genetic epistemology. Without him, some
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| | *bad temper or irritability
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| of today's modern methods would have
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| | *crying a lot
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| never come about. Many of his theories
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| | *sleeping problems
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| are still the basis for modern child
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| | *lying
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| development including the "Theory of
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| | *not talking to people or going out with
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| Knowledge Construction." This theory is
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| | friends
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| based upon the principle that when a
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| | *eating more or less than usual or
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| child comes into contact with a new piece
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| | skipping meals
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| of information, his mind must understand
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| | *giving up hobbies
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| it in a way that fits his current view of
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| | *arguing
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| the world. If it doesn't fit the mold
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| | *feeling lazy, bored or tired
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| then the child will re-construct their
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| | *stealing or getting into trouble
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| knowledge so they can assimilate the new
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| | *not looking after themselves (hygiene)
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| information. It is much like constructing
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| | *low self-esteem
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| a building - you cannot start with the
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| | *acting recklessly
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| top, you must build the foundation first
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| | *drinking alcohol or using drugs
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| and then develop up from the base.Four
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| | *skipping school
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| Stages of Cognitive Development in
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| | *preferring to be aloneHow Children are
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| ChildrenLet's take a minute to get a feel
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| | Affected - Risk or Resilience?As seen
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| for Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive
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| | above in Jean Piaget's "Theory of
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| development in children. Remember, he
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| | Knowledge Construction," children are
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| spent most of his life studying and
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| | only capable of understanding things if
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| interacting with children and I think his
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| | they have the knowledge from the
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| theory makes a lot of sense.Stage I:
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| | preceding level of development. At each
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| Sensorimotor (Infancy)Infants learn about
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| | level they can be affected either
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| the world around them through sensation
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| | adversely or positively by their
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| and movement. The focus at this stage is
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| | interactions with their parents -
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| on motor and reflex actions. They take a
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| | regardless if the parent has a mental
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| great interest in the faces and voices of
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| | illness or not. The challenge here is the
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| caretakers. Parents can aid in their
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| | capability of mentally ill parents to
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| development by making faces, talking and
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| | provide what is needed at each stage.
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| singing to their little ones.Stage II:
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| | (This is where you want to go back and
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| Preoperation (Toddler & Early
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| | re-read the section on the 4 stages of
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| Childhood)This stage's main focus on the
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| | cognitive development.) It is up to us as
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| child's intellectual development is
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| | parents to provide them what is needed
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| language and using symbols (e.g. words
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| | and as a mentally ill parent that becomes
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| and pictures). The child will act
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| | quite a challenge.Now, research clearly
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| intuitively at this stage. They have
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| | indicates that parental mental illness
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| active imaginations and vivid fantasies.
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| | increases the risk of the child
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| It is not uncommon for the child to
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| | developing emotional or behavior
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| personify objects, thus giving toys and
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| | problems. (I'm leaving out genetics here
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| dolls human like qualities. Parents
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| | since it is a different issue.) Children
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| should take the time to help them learn
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| | with the most serious emotional
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| language and promote their imaginations
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| | disturbances, served by systems of care
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| ,as well as pay attention to how they
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| | across the U.S., report high rates of
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| play with objects.Stage III: Concrete
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| | parental mental illness, psychiatric
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| Operation(Elementary & Early
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| | hospitalizations and substance abuse
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| AdolescenceDuring this stage children
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| | (Comprehensive Community Mental Health
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| start to process abstract concepts such
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| | Services for Children and their Families
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| as numbers and relationships. Before a
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| | Program, Annual Report to Congress,
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| child could only manipulate things
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| | 1998). This report shows nothing of the
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| physically. Now they begin to be able to
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| | relationship between the age of a child
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| manipulate them mentally as well. To do
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| | and their exposure to parental mental
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| this they need concrete examples or they
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| | illness. Some feel that if children are
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| will not
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| | exposed repeatedly at a young age their
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| understand the concept. A child's
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| | risk is higher. However, some studies
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| development should focus on giving
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| | have failed to find conclusive results
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| concrete examples of ideas.Stage IV:
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| | regarding age or developmental stages in
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| Formal Operation (Adolescence & Early
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| | regards to their level of risk (Oyserman
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| Adulthood)This is the stage where
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| | et al.; Weissman, 1989).Stressors outside
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| children begin to reason logically and
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| | of the family detrimentally affect
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| analytically without needing concrete
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| | children of parents with a mental
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| examples as before. Children are now
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| | illness. Stressful issues that increase
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| capable of hypothetical and deductive
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| | the likelihood of emotional or behavioral
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| reasoning. Encouraging young people to
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| | problems are minority status, low levels
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| consider multiple possibilities will help
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| | of education, stigma, single parenthood,
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| their development at this stage.All of
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| | social isolation and poverty (Biedel &
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| these stages represent areas of
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| | Turner, 1997; Hammen et al., 1987;
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| opportunity or risk of failure when it
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| | Harnish et al., 1995; Sameroff & Seifer,
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| comes to helping your child get through
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| | 1983). These types of issues are
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| the world. This task is tough enough for
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| | difficult at best for a child to cope
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| two parents who are normal by societies
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| | with but when you add in a mentally ill
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| standards. Throw in a parent who suffers
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| | parent the problem is simply compounded
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| from a mental illness and you face a much
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| | massively.The gender of the child also
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| greater challenge. This is the reason I
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| | appears to play a roll in how they react
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| started with the 4 stages of development
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| | to a parent's illness, although there is
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| - so that parents could see areas that
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| | conflicting evidence in how exactly. Some
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| they could reach out to their children in
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| | studies show that girls are more
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| an appropriate way and affect them in a
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| | adversely affected and some feel that it
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| positive manner.Some General
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| | is boys who have a worse time coping.
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| Statistics~*~Almost 1/3 of American women
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| | Studies have shown, however, that girls
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| and 1/5 of American men provide evidence
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| | are more prone to develop depression and
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| of psychiatric disorder in the past 12
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| | boys are more likely to exhibit conduct
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| months. Of these women, 65% are mothers;
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| | problems (Cummings & Davies, 1994).It is
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| 52% are fathers.~*~Women and men with
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| | well documented that children with
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| mental illness are at least as likely, if
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| | greater intelligence, better social
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| not more likely, than those without
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| | skills and stronger cognitive processes
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| psychiatric disorder to become
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| | have been shown to be more resilient to
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| parents.~*~The majority of adults falling
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| | their parental mental illness (Beardslee
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| into psychiatric diagnostic categories
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| | & Podorefsky, 1988; Radke-Yarrow &
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| (affective disorders,anxiety disorders,
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| | Sherman, 1990.) Cognitive skills such as
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| PTSD, psychotic disorders, etc.) are
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| | a positive and coherent self-concept, a
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| parents.~*~1 in 4 American families are
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| | positive attribution style, effective
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| affected by parental mental illness.Why
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| | coping and problem solving abilities have
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| Parents Don't Seek HelpOne of the biggest
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| | been associated with positive outcomes
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| reasons that adults don't seek assistance
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| | among children in general and
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| for their mental problems is due to the
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| | specifically among children with
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| stigma that is still attached to having a
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| | depressed mothers (Beardslee &
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| mental illness. Unfortunately many people
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| | Podorefsky, 1988; Downey & Walker, 1989;
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| still do not view mental illnesses as a
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| | Radke-Yarrow et al., 1995)Terry J. Coyier
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| medical problem but as a personal flaw or
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| | is a 37-year-old college student studying
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| weakness in the person. You still hear
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| | for an Associates of Applied Sciences
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| the mentally ill referred to as "crazy,"
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| | degree. She is also a freelance writer
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| "loony," "nuts," "psycho," or even worse
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| | who writes about bipolar disorder and
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| terms.One of the other reasons for not
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| | other mental illnesses. Terry was
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| seeking treatment is that mental illness
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| | diagnosed with bipolar ten years ago.
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| is the primary reason for custodial
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| | She lives with her son in the Dallas/Ft.
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| challenge. Some studies have reported as
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| | Worth Metroplex. Terry is an author on
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| many as 70-80% of parents with a mental
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| | which is a site for Writers and her
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| illness have lost custody of their
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| | personal portfolio can be viewed here.
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| children due to their illness (Burton,
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